Economic and Administrative Studies Journal
Economic and Administrative Studies Journal (EASJ) is an international scientific peer reviewed one, it has the standard international number (2790-2560 (Print), (3005-3625) (Online) issued by college of Administration and Economics ALIraqia university Republic of Iraq, it is supervised by specialist academic editorial board with professional staff composed of faculty members ,working in deferent international universities , financial advisers , experts and economists, this Journal plays an essential role in the field of scientific research through its contribution to publish original scientific researches which covers the latest developments in the field of entrepreneurship such as business administration , accounting ,statistics, economy banking and financial sciences in addition to other related economic sciences , all researches in this Journal are submitted to review and arbitration system which in turn based on internal rules and policies to assess the scientific researches.
كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - الجامعة العراقية
تأثير تدقيق الموارد البشرية في جودة حياة العمل بحث استطلاعي في عينة من المدارس الاهلية الثانوية في المديرية العامة لتربية بغداد الكرخ الثانية
The current research seeks to determine the extent of application of research variables in private schools and to test the impact of human resources audit on the quality of work life, as well as to diagnose the level of interest of private school administrations in the research variables and their dimensions, to come up with a set of conclusions and recommendations that contribute to improving their practices and adopting these variables, as the research problem indicated the weakness of cognitive awareness among administrations in private schools of the importance of applying and adopting these variables. Therefore, the importance of the research stems from the novelty of the variables and their urgent importance to private schools and their owners on the one hand, and society on the other hand. The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach in completing its research with its applied and theoretical aspects, and was applied in the environment of private schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad, Karkh II, so that the research community would be the school principals in the directorate, amounting to (120). The researcher’s sample was random and included (90) teachers from the total community. The questionnaire was adopted as the main tool for collecting data and information, in addition to the interviews conducted by the researcher, and to analyze the results of the field research. The researcher adopted the SPSS.v28 program, with the adoption of descriptive and inferential statistics methods represented in (test of validity and reliability, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of relative variation, relative importance, and simple linear regression) to test the research hypothesis arising from the main questions. The statistical analysis showed a number of results, the most prominent of which was that there is a moderate interest in auditing human resources and quality of work life, and there is an impact of auditing human resources on the quality of work life in private schools.
human resources audit, quality of work life
Copyright (c) 2025 احمد الكرغولي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of time management in alleviating work pressure: An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of department heads at Al-Mustansiriya University
The research aims to know the role of time management in reducing work pressure among department heads at Al-Mustansiriya University by addressing the basic problem about the role of time management in reducing work pressure. A sample was taken from Al-Mustansiriya University, where the research relied on the questionnaire as a main tool for collecting the necessary data required to achieve its goal. (50) questionnaires were distributed to the heads of departments at Al-Mustansiriya University, the research sample, and (40) questionnaires were retrieved. In addition, a set of statistical methods were used, represented by the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, and multiple regression coefficient, to test the research hypotheses. The research reached a set of results, namely the importance of time management as an important factor in organizing work. The results also showed that the heads of departments at the university, the research sample, are working to develop their work by exploiting time in a way that contributes to achieving the highest levels of efficiency in line with what they seek to achieve their goals in their administrative work, away from procrastination and slowness. Through the questionnaire that was conducted with the sample members at the university above, the important effect of time management in reducing work pressure became clear.
time management - work pressure - efficiency
Copyright (c) 2025 علي عبد الحليم https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Functional Competencies on Reducing FinTech Risks: The Jordanian Banking Sector 2025
This study aimed to analyze the impact of functional competencies on reducing the financial risks resulting from the use of financial technology in Jordanian banks. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical approach was used. The study population consisted of (15) Jordanian banks. The study targeted managers and heads of finance, control, internal audit and information technology departments, in addition to the main departments in the Jordanian commercial banks. The questionnaire was used as a study tool, and the (SPSS) software was used to analyze the data. The most important results reached were the presence of a statistically significant impact of functional competencies on reducing the risks of using financial technology in Jordanian banks, as the moral impact appeared in all dimensions of functional competencies, when studied together. The researcher recommended the need for continuous guidance in Jordanian banks to work on developing functional competencies in line with financial technological developments at all levels.
Functional competencies, financial technology, financial risks, Jordanian banks
Copyright (c) 2025 نيفين كلبونة , محمد العفيف, ايسر فهد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Banking Policies on Community Development in Iraq
This research aims to study the impact of banking policies on community development in Iraq. Banking policies are identified in three dimensions: inflation, exchange rate, and interest rate. Community development will be studied through three dimensions: poverty, measured by the indicator of population below the poverty line; education, measured by the indicator of basic education enrollment rate; and health, measured by the indicator of child mortality per 1,000 births. The researcher employed a quantitative approach, relying on quantitative models to evaluate these relationships between 2012 and 2022. The research seeks to provide pathways for improvements in banking policies that can contribute to enhancing community development in Iraq and promoting citizens' welfare. Through the analysis of historical data, impactful results were reached indicating that banking policies have a direct influence on community development in Iraq. Stable inflation and appropriate exchange rates significantly enhance poverty, education, and health indicators. Meanwhile, increases in interest rates exert pressure on community development., The researcher recommended strengthening banking policies that support economic stability, enhance educational opportunities, and improve healthcare services.
Banking Policies; Community Development; Inflation; Exchange Rate; Interest Rate; Poverty; Education; Health
Copyright (c) 2025 خالد فرحان https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of organizational ambidexterity in achieving strategic success / a case study of the opinions of a sample of teachers working in the colleges of Al-Israa Private University
Organizational ambidexterity serves as a primary source of competitive advantage, so organizations resort to building their capabilities and providing the necessary resources as it is necessary to achieve long-term success and survive in a complex and competitive work environment. The research problem is the extent to which the university’s organizational ambidexterity contributes to achieving strategic success, as well as the main goal of the research. It is embodied in identifying the extent of the impact of organizational ambidexterity with its dimensions (exploitation and exploration) on strategic success, represented by the dimensions (survival, adaptation, and growth). The basic research problem is whether organizational dexterity contributes to achieving strategic success, The research was conducted at Al-Isra Private University, The number of respondents was (323) professors working in colleges affiliated with Al-Israa Private University. The descriptive analytical method was used to accomplish this research, while the questionnaire was relied upon as the main tool for collecting data, which was analyzed based on a set of computer programs represented by (SPSS V.26, AMOS V.26) to measure the validity of constructing research metrics, and to analyze correlations and influence. The research concluded with a set of results, perhaps the most prominent of which is that there is a positive effect of organizational ambidexterity and its dimensions on strategic success.
Organizational ambidexterity, Strategic success, Israa Private University
Copyright (c) 2025 سرى ابراهيم, خالدية عبد الرزاق https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of transformational leadership in enhancing the quality of educational services in the Basra Education Directorate
يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة دور القيادة التحويلية في تعزيز جودة الخدمة التعليمية في مديرية تربية البصرة. تُعد القيادة التحويلية من الأساليب الإدارية الحديثة التي تركز على إلهام وتحفيز الأفراد لتحقيق أهداف تتجاوز حدودهم الشخصية، مما ينعكس إيجاباً على الأداء التنظيمي. في هذا السياق، تناول البحث أهمية القيادة التحويلية في تطوير وتحسين جودة الخدمات التعليمية من خلال تأثيرها على المعلمين والإداريين في المدارس التابعة للمديرية. تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في هذا البحث لجمع البيانات من خلال استبيانات تم توزيعها على مجموعة من المعلمين والإداريين في مدارس مديرية تربية البصرة. أظهرت النتائج أن القيادة التحويلية تؤثر بشكل كبير على تحسين الأداء التعليمي من خلال التحفيز والتوجيه، وتعزيز روح العمل الجماعي والابتكار في طرق التدريس. كما تبين أن القيادة التحويلية تسهم في رفع مستوى رضا الطلاب وتحقيق بيئة تعليمية أكثر فاعلية. خلص البحث إلى ضرورة تبني أساليب القيادة التحويلية بشكل أوسع في المؤسسات التعليمية، وتدريب القادة التربويين على كيفية تطبيق هذه الأساليب لتحقيق أعلى مستويات الجودة في التعليم.
Transformational Leadership, Quality Of Educational Services
Copyright (c) 2025 فاتن محسن https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Applications of strategic financial analysis using artificial intelligence tools in commercial enterprises
This research aims to study the impact of artificial intelligence tools in improving strategic financial analysis applications in commercial banks, with a focus on Rafidain Bank - Ramadi Branch. This research contributes to enriching scientific knowledge by highlighting the vital role of artificial intelligence tools, such as machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and software robots, in enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of financial analysis. The research is based on an integrated theoretical framework that explains the concepts of artificial intelligence in the financial sector, in addition to an applied framework based on a field questionnaire that included 38 completed questionnaires, which were analyzed after excluding 7 incomplete questionnaires. To ensure the reliability of the results, the research tool was subjected to scientific arbitration by specialized experts. The results showed that adopting artificial intelligence tools contributes significantly to improving the speed and accuracy of financial data analysis, reducing human errors, and enhancing the quality of investment decisions. Accordingly, the study recommends the need to enhance the culture of continuous innovation in commercial banks and allocate research and development teams to explore and apply the latest technologies. It also recommends enhancing the use of natural language processing to improve the interaction of automated systems with customers, which raises the level of customer satisfaction and enhances their loyalty to the bank.
Artificial Intelligence Tools, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Software Robots
Copyright (c) 2025 محمد عبد الكاظم , جمال الحلبوسي, ليث مصطفى https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Creative Accounting in Earnings Management: An Analytical Study of Accounting Techniques and Their Impact on Financial Transparency
The role of creative accounting in earnings management: An analytical study of accounting techniques and their impact on financial transparency. This study aims to analyze the role of creative accounting in earnings management, with a focus on the accounting techniques used and their impact on financial transparency. The study reviews the concept of creative accounting, the reasons why companies resort to it, and the most prominent tools and methods they adopt to achieve their goals in improving the image of financial performance. The study also discusses the relationship between creative accounting and earnings management, in terms of their impact on the credibility of financial reports and investor decisions. The study relies on an analytical approach by reviewing accounting literature and companies' financial reports, in addition to studying applied cases that illustrate the impact of creative accounting on financial transparency. The study concludes that creative accounting can be a double-edged sword; on the one hand, it contributes to improving the apparent financial performance of companies, but on the other hand, it may lead to a reduction in financial transparency and weaken the confidence of investors and stakeholders. Finally, the study recommends the need to strengthen governance and financial control standards to limit accounting practices that negatively affect transparency, while tightening control procedures to ensure that companies adhere to ethical and professional principles in preparing financial reports.
Copyright (c) 2025 عقيل حسن https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Governance's impact on the caliber of banking performanceField study in the privet bank of Baghdad
This study aims to provide light on the nature of the link that exists between the quality variable of banking performance (creativity, job satisfaction, and customer satisfaction) and the governance aspects (transparency, accountability, and participation). Good governance has an impact on the standard of banking services as it is essential to enhance the performance of commercial companies. The quality of banking operations is among the main factors influencing the growth of these organizations. The study's issue revealed that the sample participants were conspicuously unaware of the relationship between governance and banking performance quality. A simple random selection procedure was used to choose a number of staff members from respectable private Iraqi banks in order to establish the research sample. The sample consisted of seventy employees from the Bank of Baghdad and its branches. A list of questions designed to meet many requirements served as the main tool for gathering data. Take use of SPSS, a ready-made statistical application, to digitise and analyse study data. The research in question employs a variety of statistical techniques, such as the calculation of the average, standard deviation, the variation coefficient, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and the straightforward linear regression coefficient. The findings from these methodologies produced an assortment of outcomes. The majority of these outcomes bolstered the notion that there's a tight-knit relationship between governance and quality. Considering the study's goals and its acknowledged traits, the scholars recommend companies enhance their understanding of governance in their local environments to enhance bank performance. The importance of this can't be overstated when it comes to the efficiency of banks.
governance, banking performance quality, openness, responsibility, involvement, inventiveness, contentment at work, and customer happiness
Copyright (c) 2025 احمد النجم , استبرق جارالله https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A study of ways to increase the value of the Iraqi currency (dinar) against the US dollar
This research deals with an analysis of the factors affecting the value of the Iraqi currency and how they affect the national economy. The problem stems from the challenges facing the Iraqi dinar in achieving stability at the local and international levels. The main question is: What are the factors and policies that can contribute to increasing the value of the Iraqi dinar? The main hypothesis indicates that the stability of the Iraqi currency can be achieved through effective economic policies, improving the investment environment, and enhancing political and social stability.The research is based on a comprehensive theoretical review of economic concepts related to national currencies, an analysis of the experiences of other countries that have succeeded in maintaining the stability of their currencies, in addition to an analysis of economic data related to Iraq.The results of the research indicate that factors such as political stability, thoughtful financial policies, increasing foreign investment, and improving the monetary and financial system in Iraq are essential keys to increasing the value of the Iraqi dinar. It also highlights the importance of cooperation with international financial institutions and implementing structural reforms in the national economy to enhance confidence in the currency.In short, the research provides clear strategies to improve the value of the Iraqi currency, emphasizing the need for a stable political and economic environment to attract investments and promote sustainable development.
Iraqi currency, methods, increase, value, Iraqi currency
Copyright (c) 2025 عباس ضاحي, علي الجابري https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of the Exchange Rate on the Commercial Sectorin Iraq for the Period 2013-2023
This study aims to analyze the impact of the exchange rate on the trade sector in Iraq during the period from 2013 to 2023, focusing on the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on foreign and domestic trade. To analyze the relationship between the exchange rate and trade variables such as exports, imports, expenditures and revenues, the EViews12 program, the simultaneous equations model and the three-stage least squares (3SLS) method were used to analyze the data. In the theoretical framework, the concepts of the exchange rate, its types and the factors affecting it were reviewed, in addition to the importance of the trade sector in promoting economic growth. As for the practical side, the data were analyzed using advanced statistical methods. The results show that the rise in the exchange rate has a positive impact on exports, making them more competitive in global markets. In contrast, the rise in the exchange rate has a negative impact on imports and revenues, as it increases import costs and reduces local purchasing power. In addition, the rise in oil prices has a positive impact on exports, which is consistent with the Iraqi economy's heavy reliance on oil exports. Based on the results, it is recommended that Iraq work on diversifying its export basket to reduce dependence on oil exports.
Exchange Rate, Foreign Trade, Domestic Trade, Commercial Sector Iraq
Copyright (c) 2025 علي الجبوري , محمد برجین https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Digital Transformation in the Development of the Electronic Payment System in the Iraqi Economy
Digital transformation in Iraq, especially in the field of electronic payments, has witnessed significant growth in recent years. This study examines the status and growth trend of electronic payments, including the use of ATMs, POS devices, e-wallets, and mobile payments, from 2018 to 2023. The results show that during this period, Iraq witnessed significant growth in the number of ATMs, POS devices, and e-wallets, with the number of ATMs, POS devices, and e-wallets reaching 4,021, 23,066, and 4.98 million in 2023. These changes reflect significant progress in digital infrastructure and the increasing use of electronic payment methods. However, challenges such as lack of digital skills, security issues, and cultural resistance to digital change continue to hinder the full adoption of these technologies. Nevertheless, the results suggest that this positive trend could lead to improved financial inclusion, easier access to financial services, and reduced reliance on liquidity. For these developments to continue, it is imperative that Iraq pay special attention to strengthening digital infrastructure, training in digital skills, and improving payment security. The study’s recommendations include strengthening public-private partnerships, raising public awareness of the benefits of electronic payments, and developing new financial tools to facilitate the transformation of the financial sector in Iraq.
Digital Transformation, Electronic Payment, Automated Teller Machine, POS Devices, Electronic Wallet
Copyright (c) 2025 Samah Al-Janabi, قاسم عسکري https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial planning and its impact on achieving the financial goals of a food industry companyA survey study of a food industry company
Financial planning is the process of defining a company's financial goals and developing strategies to achieve them. Financial planning is an essential element in corporate management, as it helps achieve financial success and sustainability in the long term. The financial planning process includes analyzing the company's current financial situation and identifying strong and weak points in financial performance. Based on this analysis, strategies are developed to improve financial performance and achieve set financial goals. The impact of financial planning on achieving the financial goals of companies lies in several aspects. First, financial planning helps set realistic and appropriate goals for the company, which contributes to financial success. Secondly, it helps identify the financial resources required to achieve goals and allocate them effectively, which contributes to achieving financial efficiency. Third, it helps determine appropriate financial strategies to achieve goals, such as expanding the business or reducing costs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Razzaq Abdul Aziz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Adopting social responsibility in strategic planning and its impact on achieving going concern assumption/ A case study in the Basrah Oil Company - A public company
This research highlights the statement of the impact of adopting social responsibility in strategic planning in achieving the going concern assumption. Due to the increasing awareness of companies of the importance of social responsibility in recent times. Because it includes economic and social dimensions that help in the survival and continuity of the performance of activities and programs, Several results were reached, the most important of which is that fulfilling the requirements of the social and economic dimensions of social responsibility enables the company to continue performing its activities, and thus remain within the oil sector as a profitable company, The researchers presented a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which is that the company’s financial affairs department should disclose aspects of social responsibility and present them in social statements separate from the financial statements prepared for the general purpose.
Social responsibility, Strategic Planning, going concern assumption
Copyright (c) 2025 Imad Al Mashkoor , Mamon Talib https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
International Competitiveness, Dutch Disease and Fiscal Policy in Iraq: Evidence from the ARDL Approach
This research studies the impact of Dutch disease on competitiveness in Iraq, using the ARDL approach from 2000 to 2021, by analyzing the relationship between exports (as one of the most important indicators of competitiveness) and between oil revenues, government spending, industry, inflation, and agriculture. The long-run ARDL estimates show that Industry, government spending, and agriculture, increase competitiveness, while oil rent and inflation haven't significant effects on competitiveness. In the long run, the term error correction is negative and significant; This confirms a long-term relationship between these studied variables. short-term ARDL estimates demonstrate that in the short term, the causal direction between Industry is not visible., Oil rent, and Inflation. The state's ability to return to equilibrium with an ECM error correction rate of 55% in the short term.
Iraqi Economy, Dutch disease, agriculture, international economics, oil rent, ARDL JEL classification: C3; O5; Q2; Q3
Copyright (c) 2025 Akram Jamee, Aysar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Human Resource Management Governance (HRMG) on achieving Organizational Happiness (OS) at Public Sector Organizations in Jordan
The study aimed to identify the impact of human resource management governance on achieving organizational happiness in public sector institutions in Jordan. The study population consisted of government sector employees classified in the first and second categories subject to the civil service bylaw, numbering (181,989) employees, and the sample size of the study was (279) employees. The study followed the descriptive-analytical approach, and concluded that there is a statistically significant impact for human resource management governance on achieving organizational happiness in the researched sector. The study recommended that public sector institutions in Jordan convert the principles of human resource governance into strategies that are implemented, with the aim of supporting employee satisfaction and enhancing institutional performance, instead of those principles being a mere organizational process.
Human Resource Management, Governance, Organizational Happiness, Jordan
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Haitham Ali Hijazi * https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Measuring and analyzing the similarity of green economy indicators in sustainable growth A study in the Iraqi economy for the period (2004-2023)
The purpose of this study is to present the indicators of the green economy, which is a new operating strategy that the goals of the United Nations Environment Organization are currently working on in the economic field, as sustainable green growth is viewed as a practical tool to achieve the goals of the green economy, so the idea of ​​the research came in asking the following question: How do green economy indicators contribute to achieving sustainable green growth? The research analyzes the purpose of measuring and analyzing the simultaneous indicators of the two "green" ideas, the green economy and sustainable green growth, the economic measurement of the similarity of the two indicators in the Iraqi economy for the period (2004-2023), by following the deductive approach, using the quantitative method and relying on the (ARDL) model in the analysis, the research concluded that Iraq needs a comprehensive economic, social and environmental development plan, especially in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, considering that these sectors are important in achieving sustainable economic growth. The research also concluded that the energies used in Iraq as a percentage of total energies, the added value in the agricultural sector and the percentage of cultivated land as a percentage of total land showed positive results in Increased pollution in Iraq while the indicator of natural resource revenues as a percentage of GDP, poverty and unemployment rates had negative results, i.e. they work to increase the average per capita share of gas emissions and contribute to reducing sustainable growth, while the dependent indicator, which is sustainable green growth, was expressed by the environmental dimension of sustainable development dimensions represented by the per capita share of carbon dioxide emissions.
Green economy, sustainable green growth, environmental performance, United Nations Environment Program, International Renewable Energy Agency
Assistant Teacher Aveen Khalid Ahmed Khalid*
Assistant professor. Dr. Hazzaa Dawood Salman
Copyright (c) 2025 Assistant Teacher Aveen Khalid Ahmed Khalid*, Assistant professor. Dr. Hazzaa Dawood Salman, Professor. Dr. Shaima M. Najeb https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Foreign Direct Investment and its Relationship to Unemployment in the Iraqi Economy for the Period 2006-2023
The research aims to analyze the relationship between foreign direct investment and its relationship to the level of unemployment in the Iraqi economy. The research relied on the use of the descriptive analytical approach to show the relationship between macroeconomic variables to reach results that help us in developing policies and recommendations that would create an attractive environment for foreign investment and reduce the challenges and obstacles that prevent the encouragement of capital allocated for investment in Iraq, which helps in improving the economic situation and raising economic growth rates, especially in the basic economic sectors that suffer from deterioration, which led to an increase and spread of unemployment rates, especially among young people. The research concluded that the most prominent factors attracting foreign investment in Iraq are political stability, the stability of the security situation, and combating cases of financial and administrative corruption that the Iraqi economy suffers from, which negatively affected the state of capital flow for investment in the Iraqi economy.
Foreign direct investment, Economic growth, Unemployment, Human capital
Copyright (c) 2025 Teacher Dr. Imad Ashour Muhammad * https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Human Resource Interventions on Innovation Performance The Mediating Role of Innovative Work Behavior
This article aims to identify how Human Resources interventions (HRI) and other practices of Jordanian companies affect the company's innovating capability in public and private working Jordanian community firms, in both services and industrial sectors. The current research utilized a quantitative approach and deductive methodology with a cross-sectional layout to gather data from various instances at a sole moment. The primary goal was to analyse the influence of interventions in human resources on performance in innovation, with innovative work behaviours functioning as a mediator in corporations in Jordan. Details were obtained via a structured survey distributed to 1000 workers in these organizations from June 2023 to August 2023.The study conducts the survey to investigate the relationship between human resources interventions, innovative work and innovation performance through modelling using the sample of 384 employees. According to the current settings, out of 1,245,243 individuals representing the Jordanian workforce in 2023, the sample size required to provide a clear reading to the current situation in Jordan (employees) was given at 384 samples. The results confirm that HR practices are a major contributor to the business innovation performance. This study has the main point that the approach of the HR department (like training and supportive work environment) in the right way could give even more effective innovation behaviour in Jordanian companies and eventually the improvement of the innovation results of Jordanian firms. This article reiterates the important role of The Human Resource Interventions (HRIs) in changing the traditional ways of working. The first and foremost, HRIs construct an environment that facilitates employees' participation in the inventive activities. Furthermore, inventiveness highlighted as a critical employee's contribution factor to innovation productivity within companies. Those creative approaches can be understood as a connection between the employees' innovative behaviour and their organizations' innovative capacities, revealing that those innovative acts are significant for improving an organization's overall innovative capabilities. Promoting innovation in employee behaviour leads to a notable increase in the effectiveness of HR policies on innovation outcomes. This observation underscores the significance of HR interventions in fostering a workplace environment that nurtures innovation. Such interventions can empower Jordanian companies to enhance their innovation performance by fostering a culture of innovative behaviour among their employees. The research could have explored longitudinal studies, larger sample sizes, and different geographical settings to enhance the reliability and relevance of the results.
Human Resource Interventions, Innovation Performance, Innovative Work Behaviour, Jordanian Firms, PLS-SEM
Copyright (c) 2025 Abbas M.M Al Hawamdeh *, Manal Mohammed Mahmoud Al Hawamdah, Hamzeh Mohammad AL-Hawamdeh, Mahd Eid Alhawamdeh, Tharwat Alhawamdeh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Estimation of the fuzzy reliability function for distribution data (Topp-Leone ) using the median value as a fuzzy factor
Fuzzy reliability in statistics is one of the important methods used in various aspects of life that are used in the event of questionable data accuracy, which leads to dealing with ambiguous observations expressed in ambiguous numbers. The use of classical estimation methods to estimate the parameters of the statistical model is not suitable for such observations, and the research problem is represented by the presence of fuzzy numbers known as the operating times of the magnetic resonance device until failure at Al-Rifai Hospital. The research aims to estimate the fuzzy reliability function for the first type of censored data for the Top Lion distribution of the magnetic resonance device at Al-Rifai Hospital for the period (1-3-2022, until 1-3-2024) through some estimation methods maximum likelihood function, partial estimates, Proposed method for estimating the frequency rate and choosing the best reliability based on the least Std. Deviation, and it was found that the fuzzy reliability of the sonar device is (79%) for every (42) days
Fuzzy reliability , Topp - Leone distribution , frequency ratio , censored data type
Copyright (c) 2025 Osama Abdulazeez Kadhim Al-Quraishi*, Sama Saadi Ali Alhashimi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Digital Strategy in Enhancing Strategic Behavior: A Case Study in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
The research aims to examine the impact of digital strategy on enhancing strategic behavior within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, focusing on how digital technology and artificial intelligence can improve the strategic decision-making process and organizational work behaviors. The study highlights the concept of digital strategy as a modern tool that enhances the capacity of governmental institutions to adapt to digital transformations and achieve their strategic objectives. It also establishes a connection between the use of advanced digital tools and the elevation of strategic behavior levels among leadership. The research adopted a theoretical framework that defines the concepts of digital strategy and strategic behavior, analyzing their key dimensions. On the practical side, a field study was conducted involving a purposive sample of 173 strategic leaders within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, selected based on their expertise and use of digital technology in their work. Data were collected through a specially designed questionnaire, supplemented by personal interviews, and analyzed using modern statistical tools (SPSS V.24). The findings reveal that the digital strategy has a positive and significant impact on enhancing strategic behavior within the ministry. The results indicate that the use of digital tools and modern technology contributes to improving leadership capabilities in data analysis, risk prediction, informed decision-making, and effective strategic planning. Furthermore, the digital strategy enhances the ministry's flexibility and its ability to adapt and grow in the face of international challenges.
Digital Strategy, Strategic Behavior, Digital Technology, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Assistant Techer. Muhammad Yahya Jihad *
Copyright (c) 2025 Assistant Techer. Muhammad Yahya Jihad *, Assistant Techer. Roxanne Jamal Shukor, Dr. Khaled Zghitoun Globe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of financial technology in improving the efficiency of financial management in the Iraq Stock Exchange
The research aims to study the impact of financial technology on financial management in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, where financial technology was adopted as an independent variable with its dimensions: (lending, financing, financial control). The importance of the research stems from the fact that it addresses a modern concept that needs further study, and highlights the role of financial technology in enhancing the efficiency of the Iraqi Stock Exchange, which contributes to developing the financial work environment and increasing the attractiveness of the market for local and international investments. The research reached a main conclusion, which is the existence of a positive correlation between the use of financial technology and the improvement of financial management indicators in the market, as it was shown that financial technology enhances the speed and accuracy of trading, which increases the efficiency of financial operations. The research recommended the necessity of investing in developing the digital infrastructure of the market, intensifying training for human cadres on the use of financial technology, in addition to formulating legislation that supports technological innovation and ensures the regulation of financial work in line with global developments. The research community is represented by three banks with shares in the market, where a sample of 200 employees was selected, and the research reached a set of results, including: There is a good correlation between financial technology and the financial management index in the Iraq Stock Exchange, as financial technology contributes to the speed and accuracy of trading in the market.
Financial management, financial efficiency, Iraq Stock Exchange
Copyright (c) 2025 Assistant Techer Ahmed Hassan Ali* https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The impact of self-marketing on getting good work opportunity an exploratory study of a sample of working-age youth in Iraq
The research aims to find out how self-marketing can improve the chance of getting a suitable job opportunity among the age groups coming to the labor market, and the main question to reach the goal was how the applicant's academic achievement can improve the quality of work that the applicant can get and this enhances the employers' knowledge of the orientation of the youth group and their views about the quality of work and its good classification, which allows them to reduce the time and effort in attracting the right human resource for work, and in order to collect data the researcher used the questionnaire method that was distributed to a random sample of working age groups to test the hypotheses of which the main one was “Self-marketing has a significant effect on good work”, The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software, revealing that individuals place greater emphasis on their academic achievements when anticipating good job opportunities, rather than on the skills and experience they possess.
Self-marketing, good work, labor market, self-branding
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Samaa Ali ALzubaidie * https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developments in the narrow money supply (M1) and its effects on the Iraqi economy for the period (2010-2023)
This research dealt with the timeline of the development of the narrow money supply M1 in Iraq (2010-2023) in terms of size, components, and factors affecting it. The research relied on the descriptive analytical method in its methodology in reviewing the developments of the money supply during that period. The research concluded that the structure of the money supply in Iraq tends in favor of the currency in circulation during the research period and that the development of the money supply is mainly linked to the changes in the oil revenues achieved as the main financier of the state's general budget. The research recommended the necessity of adopting appropriate monetary and financial policies aimed at controlling the size of the money supply in the Iraqi economy.
Assistant teacher. Jamal Tariq Muhammad Sabry*
Copyright (c) 2025 Assistant teacher. Jamal Tariq Muhammad Sabry*, Assistant Prof. Fadhel Jawad Dahash https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Certain Macroeconomic Variables on the Exchange Rate – A Comparative Study between Iraq and Nigeria for the Period (2006-2022)
This research aims to analyze the relationship between the exchange rate and certain macroeconomic variables in Iraq, in a comparative study between Iraq and Nigeria for the period (2006-2022), with a focus on the impact of macroeconomic variables on the exchange rate when monetary authorities in both Iraq and Nigeria devalue their currencies during the period from 2006 to 2022. Four key variables were selected to assess their impact: public debt, the general budget, the consumer price index, and gross domestic product (GDP). The study aims to determine whether these effects were positive or negative, using modern econometric methods, with a particular focus on the ARDL methodology, which is considered appropriate for measuring this impact. The research problem focuses on the economic crises these countries face, characterized by increasing public expenditures on one hand and declining public revenues on the other, leading to budget deficits. Moreover, the primary resource that funds their budgets is oil. Consequently, these countries must strive to diversify their income sources, especially given their large agricultural areas and geographical wealth, which can help them diversify their revenue streams and mitigate the volatility of global oil prices. To achieve the study's objective, several conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that devaluing the national currency as a policy rather than an exchange rate regime will have more negative than positive effects. The transition from a fixed multiple-rate system to a managed floating system will lead to another change in a short period, ultimately resulting in the full floating of the local currency. This creates disruptions in local markets and immense pressure on vulnerable segments of society. The primary cause of rising inflation rates is the devaluation of the currency, pursued by governments for various reasons. As a result, the price of exchange rate stability is the disruption of all markets.
Exchange Rate, Public Debt, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Public Budget, Consumer Price Index .
Copyright (c) 2025 Teacher Ahmed Ibrahim Jumaah *, Associate Professor Thouraya Boujelbene https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Organizational Justice on Achieving Competitive Advantage: An Applied Study in the Department of Health of Salah al-Din Gove
This research aims to explore the impact of organizational justice on achieving competitive advantage in the Department of Health of Salah al-Din Governorate. The research seeks to clarify how the dimensions of organizational justice, such as distributive justice and participatory procedural justice, affect the organization's ability to compete in the work environment. A research methodology was applied based on collecting data from a sample of (385) employees in the Department of Health of Salah al-Din Governorate using a questionnaire, and analyzing it using a set of statistical methods that included calculating averages and standard deviations, in addition to using the multiple linear regression test to analyze the impact of organizational justice on competitive advantage. The research concluded that enhancing organizational justice contributes significantly to improving the organization's performance and increasing its ability to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, which enhances the level of job satisfaction and institutional commitment among employees. The research recommended enhancing employee skills and providing continuous training programs that help improve their performance and contribute to achieving more justice and discrimination at work, which enhances the organization's competitive advantage.
Organizational Justice, Competitive Advantage, Salah al-Din Governorate
Copyright (c) 2025 Farah Saad Kamel* https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Classification of disciplinary practices for controlling children's behavior using cluster analysis
The statistical method known as cluster analysis was used to classify a group of observations according to the types of disciplinary behaviors provided by parents and educational caregivers practiced on children according to the economic, social and demographic characteristics of the family. Data were collected for more than 100 questionnaires for different segments of society. The results of the analysis revealed that violent practices were the most prevalent, accounting for 51% of the observations. The analysis reduced 5 types of disciplinary practices to two types of violent and non-violent disciplinary practices. The economic determinants were the most important determinants according to the F value calculated using the K-means method, followed by social determinants in importance, while demographic determinants were the least important.
disciplinary practices, control, children's behavior, cluster analysis
Copyright (c) 2025 Teacher Zainab Yousif Dawood ALassfor* https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The role of Instruments issued by Islamic financial institutions in avoiding the occurrence of financial crises - the mortgage crisis as an example: an analytical study
This research aims to explore and analyze the role that Sukuk issued by Islamic financial institutions can play in avoiding financial crises, focusing on the global subprime mortgage crisis (2008) as a case study. The researcher used the descriptive approach in that (Analytical), as this approach is based on describing the process of issuing Instruments in Islamic financial institutions as well as analyzing all the different aspects related to this process. We have concluded that the Islamic securitization process is the best alternative to the traditional securitization process that causes the mortgage crisis, and it also provides an effective treatment to avoid the occurrence of global financial crises or limit their effects if they occur through several mechanisms, the most important of which are: transparency and financial disclosure - Sharia supervision and compliance with Islamic rulings - hedging against risks - prohibiting all forms of selling debt - prohibiting the derivatives system - prohibiting usurious interest - sharing profits and losses - encouraging real investments - moral and ethical commitment. As for its most important recommendations, countries should develop their financial markets in a manner that is consistent with Islamic law due to its effective role in avoiding the occurrence of financial crises as well as addressing the resulting effects if they occur.
Islamic Sukuk, Mortgage crisis, Islamic financial institutions, Islamic economy
Assistant teacher Ibrahim Khaleel Ibrahim *
Copyright (c) 2025 Assistant teacher Ibrahim Khaleel Ibrahim *, Assistant teacher Zahraa Hamed Kathem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The effectiveness of banking risk management in granting credit: an analytical study of a sample of private Iraqi banks
The study aims to manage banking risks (as a goal) theoretically and practically, identify the most important types of banking risks that the bank may be exposed to, and use models for each risk and the total risk to reach the risk value. The current study examines the relationship between banking risks and granting credit. The study was conducted on a sample of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, which included (13) banks, based on the financial data published in the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period (2010) to (2022). In order to achieve the objectives of the study, financial analysis of the data represented by indicators of banking risk management and bank credit was used. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: The results of market risks showed that these banks were more cautious when it came to interest rate risks, which strengthened their banking operations, and that the continuous fluctuations in interest rates have a significant impact on interest rate risks, which may lead to gains or losses for the bank, despite the availability of some financial tools. The study recommended the need to enhance the comprehensive culture of risk management by providing instructions and training on dealing with data, predicting potential risks that the bank may be exposed to, and relying more on issuing loans to enhance profits so that banks can invest in opportunities that It allows them to change interest rates and take advantage of economic shifts. To do this, banks will need to study potential opportunities and threats and take various precautions, such as establishing and expanding risk management departments within the banks included in the study sample, hiring foreign consulting firms to help assemble the banks’ investment portfolio, and seeking to incorporate the provisions of the Basel III Committee, which provides basic guarantees to insulate banks from potential risks.
Banking risk management, Cash credit, Interest rate volatility
Assistant teacher: Alaa Ali Saleh Al-Azirjawi*
Assistant teacher: Ghassan Ali Abdul Hassan Al-Khafaji
Copyright (c) 2025 Assistant teacher: Alaa Ali Saleh Al-Azirjawi*, Assistant teacher: Ghassan Ali Abdul Hassan Al-Khafaji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Compatibility Between Brand Credibility And Customers Loyalty: A Case Study Of International Development Bank (IDB) In Iraq
This study examines the relationship between logo authenticity and loyalty. customers in the context of the World Bank for Development in Iraq. Using quantitative studies approach and analytical the study conducted a survey of 145 customers from Customers World Development Bank to observe how dimensions of logo authenticity affect loyalty customers In the emerging market banking space. The research used a questionnaire based on collecting statistics on perceptions. Customers Brand authenticity elements (consisting of transparency, consistency, and value alignment) and their impact on loyalty behaviors. Statistical evaluation found strong positive associations between logo authenticity and buyer loyalty, with mean ratings ranging from 3.56 to 3.84 across the measured variables. Notably, buyer trust in the logo’s products (M = 3.84, SD = 0.96) and future purchase intentions (M = 3.82, SD = 0.98) emerged as the strongest signs of the relationship. Key findings indicate that transparency in conversation, consistent provider quality, and alignment with buyer values ​​contribute significantly to increased loyalty among Customers World Development Bank. The study also identified areas for growth, particularly in social responsibility initiatives (M=3.57, SD=1.11) and competitive pricing strategies (M=3.56, SD=1.13). The results contribute to theoretical knowledge about the function of logo authenticity in building loyalty. Customers Within the banking sectors in emerging markets and provides practical implications for banking institutions seeking to strengthen relationships. customers Through real branding practices. This research addresses a major gap. How to provide banking services and enhance customer relationships is the research gap in the field of banking administrative thought. In the literature on the authenticity of the slogan and loyalty customers in the context of banking in the Middle East, providing valuable insights for both educators and practitioners in the field.
Brand Authenticity, Loyalty customers, banking sector, world development bank, Iraq, emerging markets, trust customers
Copyright (c) 2025 Maher Fadhil Mohammed * https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0